I don’t think this is a counter to the argument you’re making but a supplement.
Hindu women who emigrate are more likely to be from families that are less “bought in” on the cultural pressure to seclude women in the first place, and then go to places where their is less of that cultural pressure, and raise their children without that pressure.
Another way of putting it is that emigre populations are not representative of the populations they emigrated from.
That definitely ties to your underlying point that female seclusion isn’t inherently part of Hinduism in the same way that it appears to be ingrained in Islam. Thank you for your thoughtful reply and happy Thanksgiving!
This is great work; if you want to extend it in the context of Women Indian architects and their anxieties of recognition, you could unpack the work of Madhavi Desai, which I think is highly patronising and an almost introductory critical stance by Dr Mary Woods in Women Architects in India: Histories of Practice in Mumbai and Delhi.
No caste is addressed in the discussions; that is the primary research gap. Then is how the discourse has been imported into the country from America. Diversity in America and India operates in two forms, which I think is not well understood, at least in the context of the ongoing gender discussions in the country.
In my opinion the reason that you cited as ‘less casteist policing’ is applicable only for woman in job from lower caste. But as per my experience only tgise who are having support of ‘sanskritised community’ could get passport and Visa both to be able to go abroad.
In India more woman are in job from higher caste. Females in all upper caste families of my friends are in job while only 1% females from lower caste get job even if they are enough qualified and talented. In India only upper caste people have ‘Merit’ to do white collar job. Even for in blue collar jobs in MNC’s, lower caste people are employed on contract basis only. No benefits of working for MNC’s and coerced by the contractor for getting all kinds of jobs done.
While all upper caste people, even if employed in blue collar job in MNC’s, are regular employees so they are having all other benefits too.
Here 90% of woman of upper caste too work at all levels as regular employee of the MNC’s!
It is just to stop lower class people entering into any MNC as regular employee and sitting with their husband on equal status!
So this may be a reason for higher employment outside India. As they do not want that a lower caste person from India get job there, as it is going to help many from his families to get motivated! Upper caste here practice a quote ‘One lower caste person entering higher wage services in MNC is going to affect 1000 others from his family and caste through motivation and money.’
After India got its constitution where in 1986, 50% jobs are reserved for lower caste people so that the talented among them get opportunity to work in government sector. Immediately a new reservation of 50% for woman is brought in, this way male reservation of lower caste was reduced to 25% only as rest 25% is for females and lower caste people do not spend money to get their girl child educated. So this unfilled quota is filled by upper caste female candidate first and then rest with upper caste male candidate.
This seems to be old pattern being repeated to stop as much lower caste Indians to get jobs outside India too!
Muslims do not practice caste based system so the females in job is lesser.
But this shows casteist mentality among the Indian females even if they are working at higher levels and having good qualification. As for them qualification is just a means for earning money hey but their system trust on caste remains at highest priority.
How much of this is a bias in who goes oversees?
I don’t think this is a counter to the argument you’re making but a supplement.
Hindu women who emigrate are more likely to be from families that are less “bought in” on the cultural pressure to seclude women in the first place, and then go to places where their is less of that cultural pressure, and raise their children without that pressure.
Another way of putting it is that emigre populations are not representative of the populations they emigrated from.
Just a thought.
Thank you. Migration is selective. But Muslim female employment is globally low, and in Britain Muslim female employment is much lower, even controlling for individual characteristics https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/01419870.2022.2097887
That definitely ties to your underlying point that female seclusion isn’t inherently part of Hinduism in the same way that it appears to be ingrained in Islam. Thank you for your thoughtful reply and happy Thanksgiving!
This is great work; if you want to extend it in the context of Women Indian architects and their anxieties of recognition, you could unpack the work of Madhavi Desai, which I think is highly patronising and an almost introductory critical stance by Dr Mary Woods in Women Architects in India: Histories of Practice in Mumbai and Delhi.
No caste is addressed in the discussions; that is the primary research gap. Then is how the discourse has been imported into the country from America. Diversity in America and India operates in two forms, which I think is not well understood, at least in the context of the ongoing gender discussions in the country.
Women (almost) always work. What you mean is working outside of the home, paid labor.
In my opinion the reason that you cited as ‘less casteist policing’ is applicable only for woman in job from lower caste. But as per my experience only tgise who are having support of ‘sanskritised community’ could get passport and Visa both to be able to go abroad.
In India more woman are in job from higher caste. Females in all upper caste families of my friends are in job while only 1% females from lower caste get job even if they are enough qualified and talented. In India only upper caste people have ‘Merit’ to do white collar job. Even for in blue collar jobs in MNC’s, lower caste people are employed on contract basis only. No benefits of working for MNC’s and coerced by the contractor for getting all kinds of jobs done.
While all upper caste people, even if employed in blue collar job in MNC’s, are regular employees so they are having all other benefits too.
Here 90% of woman of upper caste too work at all levels as regular employee of the MNC’s!
It is just to stop lower class people entering into any MNC as regular employee and sitting with their husband on equal status!
So this may be a reason for higher employment outside India. As they do not want that a lower caste person from India get job there, as it is going to help many from his families to get motivated! Upper caste here practice a quote ‘One lower caste person entering higher wage services in MNC is going to affect 1000 others from his family and caste through motivation and money.’
After India got its constitution where in 1986, 50% jobs are reserved for lower caste people so that the talented among them get opportunity to work in government sector. Immediately a new reservation of 50% for woman is brought in, this way male reservation of lower caste was reduced to 25% only as rest 25% is for females and lower caste people do not spend money to get their girl child educated. So this unfilled quota is filled by upper caste female candidate first and then rest with upper caste male candidate.
This seems to be old pattern being repeated to stop as much lower caste Indians to get jobs outside India too!
Muslims do not practice caste based system so the females in job is lesser.
But this shows casteist mentality among the Indian females even if they are working at higher levels and having good qualification. As for them qualification is just a means for earning money hey but their system trust on caste remains at highest priority.