I agree with all those possibilities, but allow me to add one more optimistic possibility: that AI doesn't just increase marginal product, it increases, improves, and enhances work from home opportunities. In areas with even halfway decent internet access, this could dramatically increase economic opportunities for women, and mitigate the honor/income trade-off. I'm thinking highly patriarchal middle-income countries, e.g. in the Middle East. Places like Bihar, on the other hand, need large investments in infrastructure to make this feasible.
But a wealth of research shows that WFH does not raise women's esteem, mobility, wider friendships, reverse dominance coalitions if they are already in patriarchal environments.. Gig work from home is just labour, like care work or farming.
And I think this will also depend on what kind of work from home opportunities will be available. Often, the rise of machine learning and AI products has meant that the datasets used to train them have been created by people in poor countries - there is research about this in the users of Amazon's mechanical Turk. Good work opportunities are still correlated with good levels of education, and I think automation will actually strengthen the link, kicking poorer/less educated people our of the job market.
I agree with all those possibilities, but allow me to add one more optimistic possibility: that AI doesn't just increase marginal product, it increases, improves, and enhances work from home opportunities. In areas with even halfway decent internet access, this could dramatically increase economic opportunities for women, and mitigate the honor/income trade-off. I'm thinking highly patriarchal middle-income countries, e.g. in the Middle East. Places like Bihar, on the other hand, need large investments in infrastructure to make this feasible.
But a wealth of research shows that WFH does not raise women's esteem, mobility, wider friendships, reverse dominance coalitions if they are already in patriarchal environments.. Gig work from home is just labour, like care work or farming.
And I think this will also depend on what kind of work from home opportunities will be available. Often, the rise of machine learning and AI products has meant that the datasets used to train them have been created by people in poor countries - there is research about this in the users of Amazon's mechanical Turk. Good work opportunities are still correlated with good levels of education, and I think automation will actually strengthen the link, kicking poorer/less educated people our of the job market.
Sure, but the economic independence it provides can at least improve a woman's bargaining power within the family. It's not a panacea but it can help.